How many grams are in a cup of sugar?

1 US cup of granulated white sugar equals approximately 200 grams. Brown sugar (packed) is about 220 g, and powdered (icing) sugar is around 120 g per cup.

How do I convert oven temperature to air fryer?

Reduce the oven temperature by 25°F (about 15°C) and cut cooking time by 20–25% for air fryer use. For example, 400°F oven = 375°F air fryer. Always preheat the air fryer for best results.

How many tablespoons are in a cup?

There are 16 tablespoons in 1 US cup. Half a cup equals 8 tablespoons, a quarter cup equals 4 tablespoons, and 1 tablespoon equals 3 teaspoons.

What is the difference between US cups and metric cups?

A US cup equals 236.6 mL, while a metric cup (used in Australia, Canada, and New Zealand) equals 250 mL. A UK imperial cup is 284.1 mL. Always check which cup size a recipe uses.

How many mL are in a teaspoon?

1 US teaspoon equals 4.93 mL (commonly rounded to 5 mL). 1 tablespoon equals 14.79 mL (rounded to 15 mL).

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Q: How many grams are in a cup of flour?

1 US cup of all-purpose flour equals approximately 120–125 grams. Bread flour is slightly heavier at around 127 g, while cake flour is lighter at about 100 g per cup.

Convert cups to grams, grams to cups, oven temperatures, air fryer settings, and more — instantly and accurately. No signup needed.

Cups to Grams Converter

Select your ingredient and enter the number of cups to get an accurate gram weight.

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Grams to Cups Converter

Enter the weight in grams and choose your ingredient to get the equivalent cup measurement.

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Air Fryer Converter

Convert conventional oven temperature and cooking time to air fryer settings. Air fryers cook ~25% faster due to concentrated circulating heat.

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Oven Temperature Converter

Convert between Fahrenheit, Celsius, Celsius fan-assisted, and gas mark oven settings.

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Butter Converter

Convert butter measurements between sticks, cups, tablespoons, grams, and ounces.

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Convert between teaspoons, tablespoons, and milliliters for precise liquid and dry measurements.

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Every tool you need for precise cooking and baking — from converting cup measurements to weight, to adjusting oven temperatures and scaling recipes.

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Cups to Grams

Convert cups of flour, sugar, butter, and 15+ other ingredients to grams with ingredient-specific density data.

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Grams to Cups

Enter a weight in grams and get the equivalent cup, ½ cup, ⅓ cup, or tablespoon measurement for your recipe.

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Air Fryer Converter

Adapt any oven recipe for your air fryer. Automatically adjusts temperature (–25°F) and time (–20–25%) for perfect results.

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Butter Converter

Convert sticks of butter to cups, tablespoons, grams, and ounces. Includes US stick and UK block equivalents.

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Oven Temperature

Convert between Fahrenheit, Celsius, fan-assisted Celsius, and gas mark oven settings instantly.

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Teaspoons to mL

Convert teaspoons and tablespoons to milliliters. Covers US, metric, and UK imperial spoon sizes.

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Cups to Milliliters

Convert US cups, metric cups, and UK imperial cups to mL. Essential for liquid ingredients and international recipes.

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Grams & Tablespoons

Convert tablespoons of salt, sugar, flour, spices, and other pantry staples to exact gram weights.

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Ounces to mL

Convert fluid ounces (fl oz) to milliliters for both US and UK fluid ounce standards.

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Pints to Cups

Find out how many cups are in a pint for US, UK, and metric systems. Useful for soups and drinks.

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Pounds to Cups

Convert pounds of flour, sugar, butter, and other bulk ingredients to cups for scaled recipes.

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Quarts to Cups

Convert quarts to cups for US, metric, and UK measurements. Great for batch cooking and canning.

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Quick Reference

Cups to Grams Conversion Chart

This baking conversion chart covers the most common ingredients. All values are based on 1 US cup (236.6 mL) using the spoon-and-level method for dry ingredients.

Ingredient	1 Cup (g)	½ Cup (g)	⅓ Cup (g)	¼ Cup (g)	1 Tbsp (g)
All-Purpose Flour	125 g	63 g	42 g	31 g	8 g
Bread Flour	127 g	64 g	42 g	32 g	8 g
Cake Flour	100 g	50 g	33 g	25 g	6 g
Whole Wheat Flour	120 g	60 g	40 g	30 g	8 g
Almond Flour	96 g	48 g	32 g	24 g	6 g
Granulated Sugar	200 g	100 g	67 g	50 g	13 g
Brown Sugar (packed)	220 g	110 g	73 g	55 g	14 g
Powdered Sugar	120 g	60 g	40 g	30 g	8 g
Butter	227 g	114 g	76 g	57 g	14 g
Honey	340 g	170 g	113 g	85 g	21 g
Cocoa Powder	100 g	50 g	33 g	25 g	6 g
Rolled Oats	90 g	45 g	30 g	23 g	6 g
White Rice (dry)	185 g	93 g	62 g	46 g	12 g
Cornstarch	120 g	60 g	40 g	30 g	8 g
Salt (fine)	288 g	144 g	96 g	72 g	18 g

Oven Guide

Complete Oven Temperature Conversion Chart

Use this quick reference to convert between Fahrenheit, Celsius, fan-assisted Celsius, and gas mark settings. Fan ovens run 15–20°C hotter, so reduce the temperature accordingly.

275°F / 140°C

Very Low / Slow Roast

Gas Mark 1

325°F / 160°C

Low / Gentle Baking

Gas Mark 3

350°F / 180°C

Moderate / Cakes & Cookies

Gas Mark 4

375°F / 190°C

Moderate-Hot / Pastry

Gas Mark 5

400°F / 200°C

Hot / Roasting Vegetables

Gas Mark 6

425°F / 220°C

Very Hot / Pizza & Bread

Gas Mark 7

450°F / 230°C

Extremely Hot / Searing

Gas Mark 8

475°F / 245°C

Broil / Maximum Heat

Gas Mark 9

Fan-Assisted: Subtract 20°C (or 25°F) from all values above when using a fan/convection oven.

Baking Science

Why Accurate Measurements Matter in Baking

Baking is chemistry. Unlike cooking, where you can adjust as you go, baking depends on precise ratios of flour, fat, sugar, and liquid. Even a 10% deviation in flour weight can make the difference between a tender crumb and a dense, gummy loaf.

Volume vs. Weight: Why Grams Win

A cup of flour measured by scooping directly from the bag packs in 20–30% more flour than a cup measured using the spoon-and-level method. This inconsistency is eliminated completely when you measure by weight.

Professional bakers worldwide use grams because:

Weight is not affected by how tightly an ingredient is packed
Scaling recipes up or down is mathematically simple
No multiple measuring tools are needed — just a digital scale
Ingredient density varies with humidity, brand, and milling process

Pro Tip

Invest in a digital kitchen scale accurate to 1 g. They cost under $15 and immediately improve your baking consistency.

Cup Sizes Around the World

Not all cups are the same size — and this is one of the most common causes of recipe failure when baking from international sources.

US Cup: 236.6 mL (standard in American recipes)
Metric Cup: 250 mL (used in Australia, Canada, New Zealand)
UK Imperial Cup: 284.1 mL (rarely used today; most UK recipes use metric)

The difference between a US cup and a metric cup is about 13.4 mL per cup — small in a single cup, but significant when a recipe calls for 3–4 cups of flour.

Rule of Thumb

When baking from a UK or Australian recipe, use a metric cup (250 mL). For US recipes, use the standard 236.6 mL measure.

How to Convert Oven Recipes for an Air Fryer?

Air fryers use rapid hot-air circulation, which cooks food faster and more evenly than a conventional oven. The general conversion rules are:

Temperature: Reduce by 25°F (about 15°C)
Time: Reduce by 20–25%
Batch size: Avoid overcrowding; cook in layers if needed
Preheat: Always preheat the air fryer for 3–5 minutes

Example: A recipe calling for 400°F for 30 minutes in a conventional oven becomes 375°F for 22–24 minutes in an air fryer. Check doneness 5 minutes early the first time you adapt a recipe.

Tablespoons, Teaspoons & Small Measurements

Small measurement errors in spices, leavening agents (baking soda, baking powder), and salt can significantly alter a dish. These standard equivalences apply to US measurements:

1 tablespoon = 3 teaspoons = 14.79 mL
1 teaspoon = 4.93 mL (≈ 5 mL)
½ teaspoon = 2.46 mL
¼ teaspoon = 1.23 mL
1 cup = 16 tablespoons = 48 teaspoons

A dash is roughly ⅛ teaspoon; a pinch is about 1/16 teaspoon; a smidgen is 1/32 teaspoon. These are informal measures used for seasoning, not baking.

Cooking Guides

Essential Cooking & Baking Articles

Deep-dive guides to help you understand measurements, conversions, and cooking techniques.

Measurements

What is a Dash, Pinch, Smidgen, and Nip?

These old-fashioned cooking measurements have precise modern equivalents. Learn how many mL each one represents and when to use them.

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Flour Guide

How Many Cups in One Pound of Flour?

The answer depends entirely on the flour type. All-purpose flour, bread flour, and cake flour all have different densities and cup weights per pound.

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Sugar Guide

How Many Cups in One Pound of Sugar?

Granulated sugar, powdered sugar, and brown sugar all measure differently by volume. Here's the exact breakdown with examples.

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Reference

Complete Cooking Weights & Measures Guide

A comprehensive reference covering US, UK, and metric cooking measurements, volume-to-weight conversions, and standard abbreviations.

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Global Cooking

Tablespoons & Cup Sizes Around the World

Cup and spoon sizes vary between countries. This guide explains the differences between US, UK, Australian, and Canadian measurements.

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Baking Tips

Why Baking by Weight is More Accurate Than Cups

Professional bakers use a scale for a reason. We explain the science behind weight-based baking and how to make the switch easily.

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FAQ

Frequently Asked Questions

Answers to the most common cooking measurement and conversion questions.

1 US cup of all-purpose flour (measured using the spoon-and-level method) equals approximately 120–125 grams. Bread flour is slightly heavier at around 127 g, while cake flour is lighter at about 100 g per cup. Whole wheat flour weighs around 120 g per cup. The variation exists because different flours have different particle sizes and densities.

1 US cup of granulated white sugar equals 200 grams. Brown sugar, when packed firmly, weighs about 220 g per cup. Powdered (icing) sugar is much lighter due to its fine texture and typically weighs around 120 g per cup. Always check which type of sugar your recipe specifies, as the weight differences are significant.

Reduce the oven temperature by 25°F (about 15°C) and cut the cooking time by 20–25%. For example, a recipe calling for 400°F (200°C) for 30 minutes in a conventional oven would become 375°F (190°C) for approximately 22–24 minutes in an air fryer. Always preheat the air fryer for 3–5 minutes and check for doneness 5 minutes early the first time you adapt a new recipe.

There are 16 US tablespoons in 1 US cup (236.6 mL). Half a cup equals 8 tablespoons, a third cup equals approximately 5 tablespoons + 1 teaspoon, and a quarter cup equals 4 tablespoons. Each tablespoon equals exactly 3 teaspoons, and 1 cup equals 48 teaspoons.

A US cup holds 236.6 mL of liquid, while a metric cup (used in Australia, Canada, and New Zealand) holds exactly 250 mL. This 13.4 mL difference per cup might seem minor, but when a recipe calls for 3–4 cups of an ingredient, the total difference can be 40–54 mL — enough to noticeably affect the outcome of a baked good. Always identify which cup system your recipe uses.

1 US teaspoon equals 4.93 mL, which is commonly rounded to 5 mL in most cooking contexts. 1 tablespoon equals 14.79 mL, commonly rounded to 15 mL. For pharmaceutical and scientific purposes, exactly 5 mL per teaspoon is the standard. In the UK, a teaspoon is officially 5 mL, and an Australian teaspoon is also 5 mL.

1 US stick of butter weighs exactly 113 grams (4 oz). This equals ½ cup or 8 tablespoons. A full pound of butter (4 sticks) is 454 grams. UK butter blocks are sold in 250 g increments, which equals approximately 2.2 US sticks.

180°C equals 356°F, which is typically rounded to 350°F in US recipes. This is the most common baking temperature for cakes, muffins, cookies, and quick breads. On a gas mark scale, this corresponds to Gas Mark 4. For a fan/convection oven, reduce to 160°C (320°F / Gas Mark 3) because the circulating air increases effective heat by 15–20°C.

Cooking Calculators &Unit Converters

Cups to Grams Converter

Grams to Cups Converter

Air Fryer Converter

Oven Temperature Converter

Butter Converter

Teaspoons to mL Converter

All Cooking Calculators & Converters

Cups to Grams Conversion Chart

Complete Oven Temperature Conversion Chart

Why Accurate Measurements Matter in Baking

Volume vs. Weight: Why Grams Win

Cup Sizes Around the World

How to Convert Oven Recipes for an Air Fryer?

Tablespoons, Teaspoons & Small Measurements

Essential Cooking & Baking Articles

What is a Dash, Pinch, Smidgen, and Nip?

How Many Cups in One Pound of Flour?

How Many Cups in One Pound of Sugar?

Complete Cooking Weights & Measures Guide

Tablespoons & Cup Sizes Around the World

Why Baking by Weight is More Accurate Than Cups

Frequently Asked Questions

Cooking Calculators &
Unit Converters